Actitudes, percepciones y prácticas de docentes de preescolar hacia el trabajo con familias homoparentales en Bogotá
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Resumen
Menos del 30% de la población en Colombia está de acuerdo con que las parejas del mismo sexo adopten. Este clima de rechazo trae interrogantes sobre las experiencias de las familias homoparentales existentes en el país. Debido a la importancia de los años preescolares para el desarrollo de niños y niñas, este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir las actitudes, percepciones y prácticas de 53 docentes de prescolar en Bogotá con relación al trabajo con familias homoparentales. El análisis de las encuestas revela actitudes caracterizadas por preocupación ante la potencial victimización a la que pueden estar expuestos los hijos de estas familias. Así mismo, se encontró que los docentes, si bien afirman sentirse competentes, reconocen que con baja frecuencia implementan estrategias para construir climas escolares incluyentes. Los resultados permiten recomendar el desarrollo de iniciativas de formación para docentes para que, desde los primeros años de educación formal, los miembros de familias homoparentales cuenten con entornos afirmativos de la diversidad.
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Palabras clave
familias homoparentales; educación preescolar; docentes; diversidad
Número
Sección
Artículos originales
Derechos de autor 2019 Summa Psicológica
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Referencias
Agustín Ruiz, S. (2013). Familias homoparentales en España: integración social, necesidades y derechos. Universidad Autonoma de Madrid.
Averett, P. E., & Hegde, A. (2012). School social work and early childhood student’s attitudes toward gay and lesbian families. Teaching in Higher Education, 17(5), 537–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2012.658564
Averett, P., Hegde, A., & Smith, J. (2015). Lesbian and gay parents in early childhood settings: A systematic review of the existing research literature. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 1476718X15570959. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X15570959
Berns, R. (2013). Ecology of the child. In Child, Family, School, Community Socialization and Support (9th ed., pp. 3–31). Wadsworth: Cengage Brain.
Brant, C. A. R. (2014). Pre-service teachers’ perpectives on methods, pedagogy and self-efficacy related to gender and sexuality as part of their multicultural teacher education. The Ohio State University.
Church, J., Hegde, A. V., Averett, P., & Ballard, S. M. (2016). Early childhood administrators’ attitudes and experiences in working with gay- and lesbian-parented families. Early Child Development and Care, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2016.1213725
Corte Constitucional de Colombia. (2015a). Sentencia C-683 de 2015, (50).
Corte Constitucional de Colombia. (2015b). Sentencia T-478-15.
Crawford, I., McLeod, A., Zamboni, B. D., & Jordan, M. B. (1999). Psychologists’ attitudes toward gay and lesbian parenting. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 30(4), 394–401. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.30.4.394
Cullinan Hoffman, M. (2016). Thousands of Colombians join nationwide protest of gender ideology in public schools. Retrieved June 26, 2018, from https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/thousands-of-colombians-join-nationwide-protest-of-gender-ideology-in-publi
Frías-Navarro, D. (2009). Scale of beliefs about children’s adjustment in same-sex families.
Glass, V. Q., Willox, L., Barrow, K. M., & Jones, S. (2015). Struggling to move beyond acknowledgment: Celebrating gay and lesbian families in preschool environments. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 12(3), 217–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2015.1039685
Goldberg, A. E. (2014). Lesbian, gay and heterosexual adoptive parents’ experiences in preschool environments. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29(4), 669–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.07.008.
Hamre, B. K., & Pianta, R. C. (2001). Early teacher-child relationships and the trajectory of children’s school outcomes through eighth grade. Child Development, 72(2), 625–638. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00301
Hegde, A. V., Averett, P., Parker White, C., & Deese, S. (2014). Examining preschool teachers’ attitudes, comfort, action orientation and preparation to work with children reared by gay and lesbian Parents. Early Child Development and Care, 184(7), 963–976. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2013.845563
Herrera Durán, N. (2014). Las pruebas de Sergio. Retrieved June 26, 2018, from https://www.elespectador.com/noticias/bogota/pruebas-de-sergio-articulo-515085
Hirst, M., Jervis, N., Visagie, K., Sojo, V., & Cavanagh, S. (2011). Transition to primary school: A review of the literature. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
Kim, K., Atkinson, V., Rui, N., Nord, C., Guzman, L., Forry, N., … Porter, T. (2014). Family and Provider/Teacher Relationship Quality Measures: User’s Manual. Washington, DC.
Kintner-Duffy, V. L., Vardell, R., Lower, J. K., & Cassidy, D. J. (2012). “The changers and the changed”: Preparing early childhood teachers to work with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender families. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 33(3), 208–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/10901027.2012.705806
Kosciw, J. G., & Diaz, E. M. (2008). Involved, invisible, ignored: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents and their children in our nation’s K-12 schools. New York: Gay, Lesbian, Straight Education Network.
Larrabee, T. G., & Kim, Y. (2010). Preservice Elementary Teachers’ Perceptions of Family: Considering Future Instruction on Lesbian- and Gay-Headed Families. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 24(4), 351–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2010.510085
Lindsay, J., Perlesz, A., Brown, R., Mcnair, R., Vaus, D. de, & Pitts, M. (2006). Stigma or Respect: Lesbian-parented Families Negotiating School Settings. Sociology, 40(6), 1059–1077. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038506069845
Mercier, L. R., & Harold, R. D. (2003). At the interface: Lesbian-parent families and their children’s schools. Children & Schools, 25(1), 35–47.
Ministerio de Educación Nacional. (2014). Sentido de la educación inicial. Bogotá: Ministerio de Educación Nacional. Retrieved from http:/www.colombiaaprende.edu.co/primerainfancia
Ministerio de Salud, & Profamilia. (2017). Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud (ENDS) 2015 - Tomo 2: Componente de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva. Retrieved from http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR334/FR334.2.pdf
Newton Webb, S., & Chonody, J. (2014). Heterosexual Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Marriage: The Influence of Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Parenting. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 10(4), 404–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2013.832644
Pennington, J., & Knight, T. (2011). Through the lens of hetero-normative assumptions: re-thinking attitudes towards gay parenting. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 13(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2010.519049
Souto-Manning, M., & Hermann-Wilmarth, J. (2008). Teacher inquiries into gay and lesbian families in early childhood classrooms. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 6(3), 263–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X08094450
Vargas Trujillo, E. (2013). Sexualidad... mucho más que sexo. Bogotá: Ediciones Uniandes.
Vargas Trujillo, E., Ripoll, K., Carrillo, S., Rueda Sáenz, M., & Castro, J. A. (2011). Experiencias familiares de padres y madres con orientaciones sexuales diversas: Aportes de la investigación. Bogotá: Ediciones Uniandes.
White, L. M. (2015). Impact of children’s literature on family structures and children’s perceptions of family. St. John Fisher College.
Averett, P. E., & Hegde, A. (2012). School social work and early childhood student’s attitudes toward gay and lesbian families. Teaching in Higher Education, 17(5), 537–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2012.658564
Averett, P., Hegde, A., & Smith, J. (2015). Lesbian and gay parents in early childhood settings: A systematic review of the existing research literature. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 1476718X15570959. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X15570959
Berns, R. (2013). Ecology of the child. In Child, Family, School, Community Socialization and Support (9th ed., pp. 3–31). Wadsworth: Cengage Brain.
Brant, C. A. R. (2014). Pre-service teachers’ perpectives on methods, pedagogy and self-efficacy related to gender and sexuality as part of their multicultural teacher education. The Ohio State University.
Church, J., Hegde, A. V., Averett, P., & Ballard, S. M. (2016). Early childhood administrators’ attitudes and experiences in working with gay- and lesbian-parented families. Early Child Development and Care, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2016.1213725
Corte Constitucional de Colombia. (2015a). Sentencia C-683 de 2015, (50).
Corte Constitucional de Colombia. (2015b). Sentencia T-478-15.
Crawford, I., McLeod, A., Zamboni, B. D., & Jordan, M. B. (1999). Psychologists’ attitudes toward gay and lesbian parenting. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 30(4), 394–401. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.30.4.394
Cullinan Hoffman, M. (2016). Thousands of Colombians join nationwide protest of gender ideology in public schools. Retrieved June 26, 2018, from https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/thousands-of-colombians-join-nationwide-protest-of-gender-ideology-in-publi
Frías-Navarro, D. (2009). Scale of beliefs about children’s adjustment in same-sex families.
Glass, V. Q., Willox, L., Barrow, K. M., & Jones, S. (2015). Struggling to move beyond acknowledgment: Celebrating gay and lesbian families in preschool environments. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 12(3), 217–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2015.1039685
Goldberg, A. E. (2014). Lesbian, gay and heterosexual adoptive parents’ experiences in preschool environments. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29(4), 669–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.07.008.
Hamre, B. K., & Pianta, R. C. (2001). Early teacher-child relationships and the trajectory of children’s school outcomes through eighth grade. Child Development, 72(2), 625–638. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00301
Hegde, A. V., Averett, P., Parker White, C., & Deese, S. (2014). Examining preschool teachers’ attitudes, comfort, action orientation and preparation to work with children reared by gay and lesbian Parents. Early Child Development and Care, 184(7), 963–976. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2013.845563
Herrera Durán, N. (2014). Las pruebas de Sergio. Retrieved June 26, 2018, from https://www.elespectador.com/noticias/bogota/pruebas-de-sergio-articulo-515085
Hirst, M., Jervis, N., Visagie, K., Sojo, V., & Cavanagh, S. (2011). Transition to primary school: A review of the literature. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
Kim, K., Atkinson, V., Rui, N., Nord, C., Guzman, L., Forry, N., … Porter, T. (2014). Family and Provider/Teacher Relationship Quality Measures: User’s Manual. Washington, DC.
Kintner-Duffy, V. L., Vardell, R., Lower, J. K., & Cassidy, D. J. (2012). “The changers and the changed”: Preparing early childhood teachers to work with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender families. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 33(3), 208–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/10901027.2012.705806
Kosciw, J. G., & Diaz, E. M. (2008). Involved, invisible, ignored: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents and their children in our nation’s K-12 schools. New York: Gay, Lesbian, Straight Education Network.
Larrabee, T. G., & Kim, Y. (2010). Preservice Elementary Teachers’ Perceptions of Family: Considering Future Instruction on Lesbian- and Gay-Headed Families. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 24(4), 351–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2010.510085
Lindsay, J., Perlesz, A., Brown, R., Mcnair, R., Vaus, D. de, & Pitts, M. (2006). Stigma or Respect: Lesbian-parented Families Negotiating School Settings. Sociology, 40(6), 1059–1077. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038506069845
Mercier, L. R., & Harold, R. D. (2003). At the interface: Lesbian-parent families and their children’s schools. Children & Schools, 25(1), 35–47.
Ministerio de Educación Nacional. (2014). Sentido de la educación inicial. Bogotá: Ministerio de Educación Nacional. Retrieved from http:/www.colombiaaprende.edu.co/primerainfancia
Ministerio de Salud, & Profamilia. (2017). Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud (ENDS) 2015 - Tomo 2: Componente de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva. Retrieved from http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR334/FR334.2.pdf
Newton Webb, S., & Chonody, J. (2014). Heterosexual Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Marriage: The Influence of Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Parenting. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 10(4), 404–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2013.832644
Pennington, J., & Knight, T. (2011). Through the lens of hetero-normative assumptions: re-thinking attitudes towards gay parenting. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 13(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2010.519049
Souto-Manning, M., & Hermann-Wilmarth, J. (2008). Teacher inquiries into gay and lesbian families in early childhood classrooms. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 6(3), 263–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X08094450
Vargas Trujillo, E. (2013). Sexualidad... mucho más que sexo. Bogotá: Ediciones Uniandes.
Vargas Trujillo, E., Ripoll, K., Carrillo, S., Rueda Sáenz, M., & Castro, J. A. (2011). Experiencias familiares de padres y madres con orientaciones sexuales diversas: Aportes de la investigación. Bogotá: Ediciones Uniandes.
White, L. M. (2015). Impact of children’s literature on family structures and children’s perceptions of family. St. John Fisher College.