Victimización de pares y depresión: su asociación con las autolesiones y la ideación suicida en adolescentes Victimización de pares y depresión
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Resumen
La victimización de pares es un importante factor de riesgo para la salud mental de los adolescentes. Uno de los correlatos más graves de la victimización son las autolesiones y la ideación suicida. Pocos estudios, sin embargo, han examinado si la victimización predice las autolesiones y la ideación suicida por encima del nivel de depresión. Se constituyó una muestra de 532 adolescentes de tres escuelas medias públicas de la ciudad de Paraná, Entre Ríos. El 41% era varón, la media de edad era de 13.8 años. Los resultados sugirieron que un 69% era no involucrado, un 19%, víctima, un 5%, perpetrador y un 7%, ambos. Las víctimas y el grupo de ambos presentaban altos niveles de autolesiones e ideación suicida. El género introducía diferencias en las autolesiones y la ideación suicida. La victimización era un predictor de las autolesiones y la ideación suicida por encima de la depresión.
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Palabras clave
Victimización; Depresión; Autolesiones; Suicidio
Número
Sección
Artículos originales
Derechos de autor 2020 Summa Psicológica
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Referencias
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Card, N. A., Isaacs, J. & Hodges, E. V. (2007). Correlates of school victimization: Recommendations for prevention and intervention. En J. E. Zins, M. J. Elias y C. A. Maher (Eds.), Bullying, victimization, and peer harassment: A handbook of prevention and intervention. Nueva York: Haworth Press.
Chapman, A.L., Gratz, K.L., & Brown, M.Z. (2006). Solving the puzzle of deliberate selfharm: The experiential avoidance model. Behavior Research and Therapy, 44, 371–394.
Craig, W., Harel-Fisch, Y., Fogel-Grinvald, H., Dostaler, S., Hetland, J., Simons-Morton, B., Molcho, M., de Mato, M. G., Overpeck, M., Due, P., & Pickett, W. (2009). A cross-national profile of bullying and victimization among adolescents in 40 countries. International Journal of Public Health, 54(2), 216-224. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-5413-9
Cunningham, N. (2007). Level of bonding to school and perception of the school environment by bullies, victims, and bully victims. Journal of Early Adolescence, 27(4), 457-478.
Del Barrio, C., Martín, E., Montero, I., Gutierrez, H., Barrio. A. & de Dios, M. (2008). Bullying and social exclusion in Spanish secondary schools: National trends from 1999 to 2006. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 8(3), 657-677.
Denning, D., Conwell, Y. King, D., & Cox C. (2000). Method Choice, Intent, and Gender in Completed Suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 30(3), 282-288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.2000.tb00992.x
Espelage, D. L. & Swearer, S. M. (2003). Research on school bullying and victimization: What have we learned and where do we go from here? School Psychology Review, 32, 365–383.
Facio, A., Resett, S., Mistrorigo, C., & Micocci, F. (2006). Adolescentes argentinos. Cómo piensan y sienten. Buenos Aires: Lugar editorial.
Farrington, D. P., & Ttofi, M. M. (2011). Bullying as a predictor of offending, violence and later life outcomes. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 21, 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1002/ cbm.801
Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I. M., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2004). Bullying behavior and associations with psychosomatic complaints in victims. Journal of Pediatrics, 144, 17–22.
Finkelstein, Y., Macdonald, E. M., Hollands, S., Hutson, J. R., Sivilotti, M. L., Mamdani, M. M., … Juurlink, D. N. (2015). Long-term outcomes following self-poisoning in adolescents: A population-based cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry, 2, 532-539.
Geoffroy, M. C., Boivin, M., Arseneault, L., Turecki, G., Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., … Cote, S. M. (2016). Associations between peer victimization and suicidal ideation and suicide attempt during adolescence: Results from a prospective population-based birth cohort. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55, 99-105.
Giletta, M., Scholte, R. H., Engels, R. C., Ciairano, S., & Prinstein, M. J. (2012). Adolescent non suicidal self-injury: A cross-national study of community samples from Italy, the Netherlands and the United States. Psychiatry Research, 197, 66-72.
González Macip, S., Díaz Martínez, A., Ortiz León, S., González, C., & González Núñez, J. (2000). Características psicométricas de la Escala de Ideación Suicida de Beck (ISB) en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de México. Salud Mental, 23(2), 21-30
Gould, M. S., Lake, A. M., Munfakh, J. L., Galfalvy, H., Kleinman, M., Williams, C., . . . McKeon, R. (2016). Helping callers to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline who are at imminent risk of suicide: Evaluation of caller risk profiles and interventions implemented. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 46(2), 172- 190. doi:10.1111/sltb.12182
Grøholt, B., Ekeberg, Ø., Wichstrøm, L., & Haldorsen, T. (1999).Sex differences in adolescent suicides in Norway, 1990–1992. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 29(4), 295–308.
Harter, S. (2006). Self-processes and developmental psychopathology. En
D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Theory & Method (Vol. 1 pp. 370–418). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Hawker, D. & Boulton, M. (2000). Twenty years’ research on peer victimization and psychosocial maladjustment: A meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. Journal of Child Psychological Psychiatry, 41, 441–455.
Hawton K, & James A. (2005). Suicide and deliberate self harm in young people. British Medical Journal, 330(96), 891-894.
Hay, D., Payne, A. & Chadwick, A. (2004). Peer relations in childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 84-108.
Holt, M.K., Vivolo-Kantor, A.M., Polanin, J.R., Holland, K.M., DeGue, S., Matjasko, J.L., Wolfe, M., & Reid, G. (2015). Bullying and suicidal ideation and behaviors: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 135(2), 496-509. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-1864
Kaltiala-Heino, R. & Frojd, S. (2011). Correlation between bullying and clinical depression in adolescent patients. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 2, 37-44. https://doi.org/10.2147/ AHMT.S11554
Kaltiala-Heino, R., Frojd, S. & Marttunen, M. (2010). Involvement in bullying and depression in a 2-year follow-up in middle adolescence. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 19, 45–55.
Kaltiala-Heino, R., Rimpela, P. & Rimpela, A. (2000). Bullying at school: An indicator of adolescents at risk for mental disorders. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 661-674.
Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S. L., Flint, K. H., Kawkins, J., Harris, W. A., … Zaza, S. (2014). Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 2013. MMWR Supplement, 63(4), 11-68.
Kovacs, M. (1992). Children’s Depression Inventory Manual. North Tonawanda: Multi-Health Systems.
Laye-Gindhu, A., & Schonert-Reichl, K.A. (2005). Nonsuicidal self-harm among community adolescents: Understanding the “whats” and “whys” of self-harm. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 447–457.
Lewinsohn, P.M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J.R., & Baldwin, C.L. (2001). Gender differences in suicide attempts from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of American Academic Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(4), 427–434.
Lloyd-Richardson, E., Perrine, N., Dierker, L., & Kelley, M. (2007). Characteristics and functions of non-suicidal self-injury in a community sample of adolescents. Psychological Medicine, 37(8), 1183-1192. doi: 10.1017/S003329170700027X
McLoughlin, A. B., Gould, M. S., & Malone, K. M. (2015). Global trends in teenage suicide: 2003-2014. The Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 108, 765-780.
Modecki, K. L., Minchin, J., Harbaugh, A. G., Guerra, N. G., & Runions, K. C. (2014). Bullying prevalence across contexts: A meta-analysis measuring cyber and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55, 602-611.
Mossige, S., Huang, L., Straiton, M., & Roen, K., (2014). Suicidal ideation and self‐harm among youths in Norway: associations with verbal, physical and sexual abuse. Child & Family Social Work, 21(2), 166-175. doi:10.1111/cfs.12126
Nansel, T., Craig, W., Overbeck, M., Saluja, G., & Ruan, W. (2004). Cross-national consistency in the relationship between bullying behaviours and psychosocial adjustment. Paediatric Adolescent Medical, 158(8), 730-736.
Nock, M.K. (2009). Understanding nonsuicidal self-injury: origins, assessment, and treatment. Washington: American Psychological Association.
Nock, M. K., Green, J. G., Hwang, I., McLaughlin, K. A., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2013). Prevalence, correlates, and treatment of lifetime suicidal behavior Victimization and Suicide 38 among adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement. JAMA Psychiatry, 70, 300-310.
O'Carroll, P.W., Berman, A.L., Maris, R.W., Moscicki, E.K., Tanney, B.L., & Silverman, M.M. (1996). Beyond the Tower of Babel: a nomenclature for suicidology. Suicide Life-Threatening Behaviour, 26(3), 237-252.
Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
Olweus, D. (1996). The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Noruega: HEMIL, Universidad de Bergen.
Olweus, D. (2013). School bullying: Development and some important challenges. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 751-780.
Olweus, D., & Limber, S. (2010). Bullying in school: evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry American Orthopsychiatric Association, 80(1), 124–134.
Ougrin, D., Tranah, T., Stahl, D., Moran, P., & Asarnow. J.R. (2015).Therapeutic interventions for suicide attempts and self-harm in adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. American Academic Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(2), 97–107.
Ramchand, R.., Jaycox, L., Ebener, P., Gilbert, M. L., Barnes-Proby, D., & Goutam, P. (2017). Characteristics and proximal outcomes of calls made to suicide crisis hotlines in California. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 38(1), 26-35. doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000401
Resett, S. (2011). Aplicación del cuestionario de agresores/víctimas de Olweus a una muestra de adolescentes argentinos. Revista de Psicología de la Universidad Católica Argentina, 13(7), 27-44.
Resett, S. (2014). Bullying: víctimas, agresores, agresor-víctimas y correlatos psicológicos. Actas Psiquiátricas y Psicológicas de la América Latina, 60(3), 25-32.
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