Castigo físico: argumentos y justificaciones de padres y madres para su utilización
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Resumen
El castigo físico en la crianza conlleva consecuencias negativas sobre el desarrollo infantil. Sin embargo, muchos adultos lo consideran un método adecuado. El estudio analiza los argumentos y justificaciones que esgrimen los adultos para su utilización. Los participantes fueron 14 madres y 13 padres de niños(as) entre 0 a 3 años. El enfoque metodológico es cualitativo, diseño exploratorio, método estudio de caso y la técnica grupo focal. Mediante análisis de contenido se arribó a estos resultados: los argumentos se relacionan con el carácter educativo y la eficacia del castigo físico; la repetición generacional de experiencias disciplinarias, la naturalización del castigo físico, razones de orden cultural y, por último, el cansancio y estrés. Estos resultados constituyen un aporte a las políticas públicas en la prevención del castigo físico, particularmente en Uruguay.
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Palabras clave
problema social; maltrato infantil; crianza; derechos humanos; disciplina infantil
Número
Sección
Artículos originales
Derechos de autor 2022 Summa Psicológica
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Referencias
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Almuneef, M., Hollinshead, D., Saleheen, H., AlMadani, S., Derkash, B., AlBuhairan, F., Al-Eissa, M. & Fluke, J. (2016). Adverse childhood experiences and association with health, mental health, and risky behavior in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol.60,10-17. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.09.003
Bartlett, J. D., Kotake, Ch., Fauth, R. & Easterbrooks, A. M. (2017). Intergenerational transmission of child abuse and neglect: Do maltreatment type, perpetrator, and substantiation status matter? Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 63, 84-94. doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.021
Ben-David, V., Jonson-Reid, M., Drake, B. & Kohl, P. L. (2015). The association between childhood maltreatment experiences and the onset of maltreatment perpetration in young adulthood controlling for proximal and distal risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 46, 132-141. doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.01.013
Bornstein, M. H., Putnick, D. L., & Lansford, J. E. (2011). Parenting Attributions and Attitudes in Cross-Cultural Perspective. Parenting, 11(2-3), 214-237.doi: 10.1080/15295192.2011.585568
Calderón, J. F. (2009). El castigo corporal como método de disciplina contra niños, niñas y adolescentes frente a la corte interamericana de derechos humanos: un desafío internacional. Isonomía 31 73-95.
Campbell, J. A., Walker, R. J. & Egede, L. E. (2016). Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, High-Risk Behaviors, and Morbidity in Adulthood. American Journal of Preventine Medicine, 50(3):344-352. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.022
Capano-Bosch, A., González-Tornaría, M del L., Navarrete, I. y Mels, C. (2018). Del castigo físico a la parentalidad positiva. Revisión de programas de apoyo parental. Revista de Psicología, 14(27) 125-138.
Carrillo-Urrego, A. (2018). Castigos en la crianza de los hijos e hijas: un estado de la cuestión. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 16(2), 719-740. doi:https://doi.org/10.11600/1692715x.16206
Caykoylu, A., Ibiloglu, A. O., Taner, Y., Potas, N. & Taner, E. (2011). The Correlation of Childhood Physical Abuse History and Later Abuse in a Group of Turkish Population. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(17) 3455-75. doi/10.1177/0886260511403748
Clément, M. È.& Chamberland, C. (2009). The Role of Parental Stress, Mother’s Childhood Abuse and Perceived Consequences of Violence in Predicting Attitudes and Attribution in Favor of Corporal Punishment. Journal of Child and Family Studies 18(2), 163. doi.org/10.1007/s10826-008-9216-z
Coley, R.L., Kull, M.A. & Carrano, J. (2014). Parental endorsement of spanking and children's internalizing and externalizing problems in African American and Hispanic families. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(1), 22-31. doi: 10.1037/a0035272
Comité de los Derechos del Niño (2006). El derecho del niño a la protección contra los castigos corporales y otras formas de castigos crueles o degradantes (artículo19, párrafo 2 del artículo 28 y artículo 37, entre otros) CRC/C/GC/8 Recuperado de: www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/GC8_sp.doc
Condon, E.M., Sadler, L.S. & Mayes, L.C. (2018). Toxic stress and protective factors in multi-ethnic school age children: A research protocol. Research in Nursing & Health, 41(2), 97-106. doi: 10.1002/nur.21851
Cort, N. A., Toth, S. L., Cerulli, C. & Rogosch, F. (2011). Maternal Intergenerational Transmission of Childhood Multitype Maltreatment. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma Vol. 20 (1), 20-39. doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2011.537740
Crouch, J.L. & Behl, L.E. (2001). Relationships among parental beliefs in corporal punishment, reported stress, and physical child abuse potential. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25(3), 413-9. doi: 10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00256-8
Chiocca, E. M. (2017). American parents' attitudes and beliefs about corporal punishment: An integrative literature review. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 31(3) 372-383. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.01.002
De Simons, D. A. & Wurtele, S. K. (2010). Relationships between parents' use of corporal punishment and their children's endorsement of spanking and hitting other children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(9), 639-46. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.01.012
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