Asistencia temprana a Salas Cuna y patrones de apego infantil: Una revisión
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Publicado
08/2013
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Resumen
El presente artículo busca reflexionar acerca de la influencia de los cuidados alternativos en la vinculación madre-hijo. Se estudian los hallazgos de investigaciones, los cuales son controversiales, no permitendo establecer un tipo de influencia específica en la asistencia a Centros de Cuidado Infantil durante el primer año de vida. Se revisan investigaciones desde 1978 hasta el 2008 acerca de los cuidados alternativos tempranos y su efecto en los estilos de apego infantil. Se revisan principalmente los estudios referidos a cuidados fuera del hogar en Centros especializados. Se desarrolla la definición de cuidados alternativos, la importancia del apego y la función de los cuidadores como base segura. Se revisan investigaciones centradas en la cantidad de tiempo en que los niños son cuidados por alguien distinto de la madre, la calidad de los cuidados y las variables asociadas a la familia y el contexto social. Esto permite una mirada más completa y compleja del efecto de los cuidados alternativos en el desarrollo de patrones de apego infantil. Se discuten los distintos hallazgos y se destacan aquellos de mayor consistencia que pudieran contribuir a entender el discutido efecto de los Centros de cuidado infantil y su relación con los patrones de apego infantil.
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Palabras clave
cuidados alternativos, apego infantil, centros de cuidado infantil
Número
Sección
Artículos de revisión
Derechos de autor 2017 Summa Psicológica
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Referencias
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Andersson B. E. (1989). Effects of Public Day-Care: A Longitudinal Study. Child Development, 60, (4), 857-866.
Andersson B. E. (1992). Effects of Day-Care on Cognitive and Socioemotional Competence of Thirteen-Year-Old Swedish Schoolchildren. Child Development, 63, (1), 20-36.
Aviezer, O. & Sagi-Schwartz A. (2008). Attachment and non-maternal care: towards contextualizing the quantity versus quality debate. Attachment and Human Development, 10 (3), 275-285.
Aviezer O., Sagi-Schwartz A. & Koren-Karie N. (2003). Ecological constraints on the of infant-mother attachment relations: When maternal sensitivity becames ineffectives. Infant Behavior and Development, 26, 285-299.
Bakermans-Kranenburg M., Ijzendoorn M. & Juffer F. (2003). Less is More: Meta-Analyses of Sensitivity and Attachment Interventions in early Childhood. Psychological Bulletin, 129(2), 195-215.
Barglow P., Vaughn B. & Molitor N. (1987). Effects of Maternal Absence Due to Employment on the Quality of Infant-Mother Attachment in a Low-Risk Sample. Child Development, 58, (4), 945-954.
Belsky J. & Braungart J. (1991). Are Insecure-Avoidant Infants with Extensive Day-Care Experience Less Stressed by and More Independent in the Strange Situation? Child Development, 62(3), 567-571.
Belsky J. & Rovine M.J. (1988). Nonmaternal Care in the First Year of Life and the Security of Infant-Parent Attachment. Child Development, 59, (1), 157-167.
Belsky J. & Steinberg L. (1978). The Effects of day-care A critical review. Child Development, 49, 929-949.
Bowlby, J. (1958). The nature of the child´s tie to his mother. Internacional Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 39,350-373.
Bowlby, J. (1969). El vínculo afectivo. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Bowlby, J. (1976). La separación afectiva. Buenos Aires: Paidós
Bowlby, J. (1980). La pérdida afectiva. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Bowlby, J.(1995). Una base segura. España: Paidós.
Bowlby, J.(1997). El vínculo afectivo. España: Paidós.
Braungart-Rieker J., Garwood M., Powers B. & Wang X. (2001). Parental Sensitivity, Infant Affect, and Affect Regulation: Predictors of Later Attachment. Child Development, 72(1), 252-270.
Coppola, G., Vaughn B., Cassiba R. & Costantini A. (2006). The attachment script representation procedure in an Italian simple: Associations with Adult Attachment Interview scales and with maternal sensitivity. Attachment & Human Development, 8(3): 209-219.
Crittenden, P. (1985). Social Networks, Quality of Child Rearing and Child Development. Child Development, 56, 1299-1313.
De Wolff M. & Van Ijzendoorn M. (1997). Sensitivity and Attachment: A Meta-Analysis on Parental Antecedents of Infant Attachment. Child Development, 68 (4), 571-591.
Egeland B. & Hiester M. (1995). The long-term consequences of infant day-care and mother-infant attachment. Child Development, 66, (2), 474-485.
Fonagy, P. (1999). Persistencias transgeneracionales del apego: Una nueva teoría. Revista de Psicoanálisis, Aperturas Psicoanalíticas, 3, 17-25.
Friedman S. & Boyle D.E. (2008). Attachment in US children experiencing nonmaternal care in the early 1990s. Attacment and Human Development, 10 (3), 225-261.
Green B., Ferrer C. & McAllister C. (2007). How do relationships Support Parenting? Effects of Attachment Style and Social Support on Parenting Behavior in an At-Risk Population. American Journal of Community Psychology, 40, 96-108.
Greenberg M. (1999). Attachment and Psychopathology in Childhood. En J. Cassidy & P.R. Shaver (Eds.), Hanbook of Attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 469-496). New York: Guilford Press.
Hoffman L.W. (1989). Effects of maternal employment in the two-parent family. American Psychologist, 44, 283-292.
Howes C. (1990). Can the age of entry and the quality of infant child care predict adjustment in kindergarten?. Developmental Psychology, 26, 292, 303.
Isabella R.A. (1993). Origins of attachment: maternal interactive behavior across the first year. Child Development, 64, 605-621.
Love J.M., Harrison L., Sagi-Schwartz A., van Ijzendoorn M.H., Ungerer J.A. (2003). Child care quality matters: How conclusions may vary with context. Child Development, 74, 1021-1033.
Marrone, M.(2001). La teoría del apego. Un enfoque actual. Madrid: Psimática.
Roggman L.A., Langlois J.H., Hubbs-Tait L., Rieser-Danner L.A. (1994). Infant Day-Care, Attachment, and the «File Drawer Problem». Child Development, 65, (5), 1429-1443.
Sagi A. (1990). Attachment theory and research from a cross-cultural perspective. Human Development, 33, 10-22.
Sagi A., Koren-Karie N., Gini M., Ziv Y. & Joels T. (2002). Shedding Further Light on the Effects of Various Types and Quality of Early Child Care on Infant-Mother Attachment Relationship: The Haifa Study of Early Child Care. Child Development, 73 (4), 1166-1186.
Schwartz P. (1983). Length of Day-Care Attendance and Attachment Behavior in Eighteen Month-Old Infants. Child Development, 54, (4), 1073-1078.
Smith P. & Pederson D. (1988). Maternal Sensitivity and Patterns of Infant-Mother Attachment. Child Development, 59,1097-1101.
Sroufe, L.A., Egeland, B. & Kreutzer, T. (1990). The fate of early experience following developmental change: Longitudinal approaches to individual adaptation in childhood. Child Development, 61, 1363-1373.
Thompson R. (1997). Sensitivity and Security: New Questions to Ponder. Child Development, 68(4), 595-597.
Van Ijzendoorn M. & De Wolf M. (1997). In Search of the Absent Father- Meta-Analyses of Infant-Father Attachment: A Rejoinder to Our Discussants. Child Development, 68(4), 604-609.
Vaughn B., Gove F. & Egeland B. (1980). The Relationships between Out-of-Home Care and the Quality of Infant-Mother Attachment in an Economically Disadvantaged Population. Child Development, 51, (4), 1203-1214.
Ward M.J. & Carlson E.A. (1995). Associations among adult attachment representations, maternal sensitivity, and infant-mother attachment in a sample of adolescent mothers. Child Development, 66, 69-79.
Waters, E., Wippman, J. & Sroufe, L.A. (1979). Attachment, positive affect, and competence in the peer group: Two studies in construct validation. Child Development, 50, 821-829.
Andersson B. E. (1989). Effects of Public Day-Care: A Longitudinal Study. Child Development, 60, (4), 857-866.
Andersson B. E. (1992). Effects of Day-Care on Cognitive and Socioemotional Competence of Thirteen-Year-Old Swedish Schoolchildren. Child Development, 63, (1), 20-36.
Aviezer, O. & Sagi-Schwartz A. (2008). Attachment and non-maternal care: towards contextualizing the quantity versus quality debate. Attachment and Human Development, 10 (3), 275-285.
Aviezer O., Sagi-Schwartz A. & Koren-Karie N. (2003). Ecological constraints on the of infant-mother attachment relations: When maternal sensitivity becames ineffectives. Infant Behavior and Development, 26, 285-299.
Bakermans-Kranenburg M., Ijzendoorn M. & Juffer F. (2003). Less is More: Meta-Analyses of Sensitivity and Attachment Interventions in early Childhood. Psychological Bulletin, 129(2), 195-215.
Barglow P., Vaughn B. & Molitor N. (1987). Effects of Maternal Absence Due to Employment on the Quality of Infant-Mother Attachment in a Low-Risk Sample. Child Development, 58, (4), 945-954.
Belsky J. & Braungart J. (1991). Are Insecure-Avoidant Infants with Extensive Day-Care Experience Less Stressed by and More Independent in the Strange Situation? Child Development, 62(3), 567-571.
Belsky J. & Rovine M.J. (1988). Nonmaternal Care in the First Year of Life and the Security of Infant-Parent Attachment. Child Development, 59, (1), 157-167.
Belsky J. & Steinberg L. (1978). The Effects of day-care A critical review. Child Development, 49, 929-949.
Bowlby, J. (1958). The nature of the child´s tie to his mother. Internacional Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 39,350-373.
Bowlby, J. (1969). El vínculo afectivo. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Bowlby, J. (1976). La separación afectiva. Buenos Aires: Paidós
Bowlby, J. (1980). La pérdida afectiva. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Bowlby, J.(1995). Una base segura. España: Paidós.
Bowlby, J.(1997). El vínculo afectivo. España: Paidós.
Braungart-Rieker J., Garwood M., Powers B. & Wang X. (2001). Parental Sensitivity, Infant Affect, and Affect Regulation: Predictors of Later Attachment. Child Development, 72(1), 252-270.
Coppola, G., Vaughn B., Cassiba R. & Costantini A. (2006). The attachment script representation procedure in an Italian simple: Associations with Adult Attachment Interview scales and with maternal sensitivity. Attachment & Human Development, 8(3): 209-219.
Crittenden, P. (1985). Social Networks, Quality of Child Rearing and Child Development. Child Development, 56, 1299-1313.
De Wolff M. & Van Ijzendoorn M. (1997). Sensitivity and Attachment: A Meta-Analysis on Parental Antecedents of Infant Attachment. Child Development, 68 (4), 571-591.
Egeland B. & Hiester M. (1995). The long-term consequences of infant day-care and mother-infant attachment. Child Development, 66, (2), 474-485.
Fonagy, P. (1999). Persistencias transgeneracionales del apego: Una nueva teoría. Revista de Psicoanálisis, Aperturas Psicoanalíticas, 3, 17-25.
Friedman S. & Boyle D.E. (2008). Attachment in US children experiencing nonmaternal care in the early 1990s. Attacment and Human Development, 10 (3), 225-261.
Green B., Ferrer C. & McAllister C. (2007). How do relationships Support Parenting? Effects of Attachment Style and Social Support on Parenting Behavior in an At-Risk Population. American Journal of Community Psychology, 40, 96-108.
Greenberg M. (1999). Attachment and Psychopathology in Childhood. En J. Cassidy & P.R. Shaver (Eds.), Hanbook of Attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 469-496). New York: Guilford Press.
Hoffman L.W. (1989). Effects of maternal employment in the two-parent family. American Psychologist, 44, 283-292.
Howes C. (1990). Can the age of entry and the quality of infant child care predict adjustment in kindergarten?. Developmental Psychology, 26, 292, 303.
Isabella R.A. (1993). Origins of attachment: maternal interactive behavior across the first year. Child Development, 64, 605-621.
Love J.M., Harrison L., Sagi-Schwartz A., van Ijzendoorn M.H., Ungerer J.A. (2003). Child care quality matters: How conclusions may vary with context. Child Development, 74, 1021-1033.
Marrone, M.(2001). La teoría del apego. Un enfoque actual. Madrid: Psimática.
Roggman L.A., Langlois J.H., Hubbs-Tait L., Rieser-Danner L.A. (1994). Infant Day-Care, Attachment, and the «File Drawer Problem». Child Development, 65, (5), 1429-1443.
Sagi A. (1990). Attachment theory and research from a cross-cultural perspective. Human Development, 33, 10-22.
Sagi A., Koren-Karie N., Gini M., Ziv Y. & Joels T. (2002). Shedding Further Light on the Effects of Various Types and Quality of Early Child Care on Infant-Mother Attachment Relationship: The Haifa Study of Early Child Care. Child Development, 73 (4), 1166-1186.
Schwartz P. (1983). Length of Day-Care Attendance and Attachment Behavior in Eighteen Month-Old Infants. Child Development, 54, (4), 1073-1078.
Smith P. & Pederson D. (1988). Maternal Sensitivity and Patterns of Infant-Mother Attachment. Child Development, 59,1097-1101.
Sroufe, L.A., Egeland, B. & Kreutzer, T. (1990). The fate of early experience following developmental change: Longitudinal approaches to individual adaptation in childhood. Child Development, 61, 1363-1373.
Thompson R. (1997). Sensitivity and Security: New Questions to Ponder. Child Development, 68(4), 595-597.
Van Ijzendoorn M. & De Wolf M. (1997). In Search of the Absent Father- Meta-Analyses of Infant-Father Attachment: A Rejoinder to Our Discussants. Child Development, 68(4), 604-609.
Vaughn B., Gove F. & Egeland B. (1980). The Relationships between Out-of-Home Care and the Quality of Infant-Mother Attachment in an Economically Disadvantaged Population. Child Development, 51, (4), 1203-1214.
Ward M.J. & Carlson E.A. (1995). Associations among adult attachment representations, maternal sensitivity, and infant-mother attachment in a sample of adolescent mothers. Child Development, 66, 69-79.
Waters, E., Wippman, J. & Sroufe, L.A. (1979). Attachment, positive affect, and competence in the peer group: Two studies in construct validation. Child Development, 50, 821-829.